There are five types of anxiety disorders that are usually diagnosed. In some cases, a person may be diagnosed with more than one. The most common of all of the anxiety disorders is General Anxiety Disorder.
General Anxiety Disorder
This is usually the most prevalent of the anxiety disorders and will manifest itself in many different ways, including an anxiety or panic attack. General Anxiety Disorder, or GAD, is usually diagnosed in someone who has had a very stressful situation in the past six months. General Anxiety Disorder is usually diagnosed after a person has had an anxiety or panic attack. Some of the symptoms of GAD may go unnoticed until such a time when the sufferer experiences an attack.
The common symptoms of GAD include:
- Difficulty in sleeping through the night
- Muscle tension or muscle pain
- Insomnia
- Lack of focus Trembling
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Difficulty in breathing
Do these symptoms sound familiar? If so, take comfort in the fact that you are far from alone when it comes to this anxiety disorder. You may experience some or all of these symptoms.
General Anxiety Disorder affects the lives of about 7 million adults. In addition to adults who suffer from this condition, teenagers and even children can suffer from this disorder.
If you have GAD, know that there is treatment available to you that will enable you to go on with your normal functions in life. If you have a child or teenager who is experiencing these symptoms, do not think that because of their youth that they cannot have GAD. It can be diagnosed in anyone – regardless of age. It can be the result of trauma or low self esteem in children and teenagers. In many cases, teens will resort to using drugs as a way to alleviate the symptoms of GAD. This is why it is so important that you get the right treatment for them before this occurs.
Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is similar to GAD, except that it is more intense. It is very closely related to GAD in the symptoms.
Some of the symptoms that you may experience when having a panic attack include:
- Chest pain
- Fainting
- Choking
- Sweating
- Shaking or trembling
- Feeling like you are having a breakdown
- Fear of death or morbid thoughts
- Stomach pain, often accompanied by nausea
Feeling like you are not in reality
People who suffer from panic disorder usually have more acute episodes of anxiety than those who suffer from GAD. Panic disorder is usually related to an environmental stressor and can be controlled by medications or other therapies. A prolonged case of panic disorder is usually diagnosed as GAD. The main difference between GAD and panic disorder is that panic disorder is more of an acute condition whereas GAD is a chronic and lasts for more than 6 months.
Gina was sure she was having a heart attack. She woke up shaking and trembling with a pain in her chest. Her heart seemed as though it would leap right out of her chest, it was beating so fast. She had no idea what was happening to her so she went to the ER.
At the ER, the doctor did an EKG and took some blood work. He soon concluded that she was suffering from an anxiety attack – the week before this happened, she lost her job.
Gina was feeling so bad that he asked her if she wanted to be admitted to the psychiatric ward for observation. Gina didn’t want to seem as though she was “crazy” and declined. She seemed to be fine, until she got news that a member of the family had passed away, then she had another panic attack as well and wound up in the hospital, where she was diagnosed with panic disorder.
Panic disorder is usually very acute and is related to something directly corresponding to your life. While some people may be able to cope with life changing situations, most of us can only take so much stress before the façade begins to crack. After spending three days in the hospital where she was treated for panic disorder, she came home feeling much better.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
You probably associate this disorder with Jack Nicholson’s character in “As Good As It Gets” or the lead character in the television detective series “Monk.” Obsessive Compulsive Disorder seems quirky and funny, but it can be a debilitating condition.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is broken down into two categories obsession and compulsion. In most cases, obsessive thoughts will drive a person to perform a ritual of compulsions. For example, a person who suffers from OCD will often have to continue lock and unlock doors. They may become obsessed with the idea of the door being left open and someone entering the house that they have a ritual that they practice to give themselves the assurance that the door is locked. These rituals give them some sense of peace that they are in control of the situation.
As stated earlier, the key component in anxiety disorders is lack of control. The person with OCD feels this acutely and reacts in a way that gives him or her some control in their life. They may wash their hands repeatedly, take repeated showers, lock and unlock doors, return home repeatedly and check to see if the stove is off, etc. These are the compulsions of OCD. What drives the compulsions are the obsessive thoughts. These thoughts can be so intrusive that no matter what the person does, he or she cannot stop reverting back to them.
And because the thoughts are so unwelcome and often morbid, someone suffering from OCD will develop rituals, or compulsions, to rid themselves of these thoughts.
In some cases, the thoughts themselves become a compulsion. Many people who have OCD will worry excessively about their health. They may resort to compiling medical data about a certain illness that they have become convinced that they have. They may accumulate data, count or even pray repeatedly to cast out the thoughts that are forever intruding in their heads. Other rituals include pulling on their hair or even pulling the hair out.
OCD often begins in childhood. Children often will have a compulsion to either pull on or pull out their hair to rid themselves of unwelcome thoughts. If a child begins pulling out their hair, chances are that they will be taken to a doctor and evaluated for this condition. A child may, however, pull on his or her hair without it going noticed. Medication as well as therapy is often used in treating OCD, a condition that affects about 6 million people in the US.
Donna is very typical of someone with OCD. She has a series of rituals that she performs each day that keep her “safe.” Her friends think that she is quirky, but she feels more in control when she is performing her compulsions.
Donna sought counseling and therapy after she was late to work one day because she had to take so much time performing repeated rituals. She went back to the house several times that day to straighten towels, make sure the doors were locked and that the stove was off. She was always worried about the coffee maker being left on and unplugging it was one of the rituals. When she started to see how this was interfering with her life, she realized that she had to do something to help herself.
“I never realized that I had OCD, but looking back on it, it seems as if I always had it, even as a kid. I would stack books a certain way in school and always made sure that the pencil points were sharp,” she said.
Donna’s father died when she was in the second grade. She feels that this was when the OCD really started. The death of her father was traumatic for her, but she had no control over this event. She began to worry about her mother dying as well. As young as she was, she knew that she had no control over her mother dying, so she started to take control over different aspects of her life.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
When you think about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, chances are that you will envision a soldier returning home after being at war and constantly being plagued with nightmares about incidents in the war. This is how this condition is often portrayed in the movies. We often associate PTSD with the military. But soldiers are not the only people who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Anyone who has been through a catastrophic event can suffer from this type of anxiety. The good news is that in this case, you understand what the stressor is that is causing the anxiety, this often does not come out right away. Many people who have been victims of sexual assault will not want to discuss the assault with anyone and will keep it to themselves. This can create PTSD.
After September 11, 2001, many people in the United States started seeing doctors about stress. There was a rapid increase in the number of individuals experiencing anxiety and panic attacks at this time. Even those who were not in New York at the time of the attacks found themselves under a great deal of stress that needed to be evaluated by a doctor.
Some of the most common signs of PostTraumatic Stress Disorder include:
- Continued and repeated intrusive thoughts about the trauma
- Nightmares and flashbacks relating to the trauma
- Unable or unwilling to discuss the experience with others
- Avoiding those who also experienced the same trauma
- Depression and increased anxiety.
If not treated, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can lead to severe anxiety and depression that can be disabling. For this reason, anyone who has been through a trauma is often given the option of receiving counseling. Counseling after the experience and talking about it often helps those who experience trauma avoid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This anxiety disorder is usually treated with medication as well as therapy.
Frank was on an airplane on September 11, 2001. When all flights were cancelled, he had to stay out of town for a few days until he could get back home. Like most other Americans, he was horrified by the events that took place on that day, but thought that he had a handle on it. Until he started to have nightmares and kept reliving the day over and over in his mind.
“I was in New York City when this was happening – my flight flew into New York,” he said. “I was pretty much around the whole thing at that time and was glued to the television. Everywhere you went, people were talking about it. I kept thinking that I was so lucky – I could have been on one of the airplanes that crashed that day.”
The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder started to take its toll on Frank, even to the point where he quit his job because of the frequent traveling. He refused to fly and began having nightmares about being on one of the flights. Eventually, he sought help and was diagnosed with PTSD. Once he was able to talk about that day and his feelings, he felt better.
Social Anxiety Disorder
One type of anxiety disorder that has been in the forefront lately, and was not very much discussed before is social anxiety. People often associate social anxiety with agoraphobia, but they are not the same thing. People who suffer from agoraphobia (meaning Fear of Marketplace in Greek) dislike going out in public at all and end up spending a good deal of their time alone. Those with social anxiety are not as obvious. They usually go about their business and interact with people, the entire time experiencing symptoms of anxiety from these interactions.
Social Anxiety Disorder was brought into the public spotlight when Donny Osmond, the beloved teen idol of the 1970s, talked about his social anxiety. Osmond said that he was afraid to appear in public for fear of being judged by others. He eventually was able to get treated for Social Anxiety Disorder, an anxiety disorder that affects many people and often goes unnoticed.
The symptoms associated with Social Anxiety Disorder include:
- Fear of losing control in public
- Fear of people talking about you
- Fear of being judged by other people
- Fear of being ridiculed
- Fear of being in a crowd
It is interesting to note that many famous celebrities suffer from Social Anxiety. This is an anxiety that can bring on a panic or anxiety attack if the person is exposed to the source and may limit the lifestyle of someone who suffers from this condition. Fortunately, this is very treatable with therapy.
A typical example of someone who suffered from Social Anxiety was Anne.
“Looking back on it, it seems as if I always had a sense of anxiety whenever I was in a crowd,” says the 32 year old airline attendant. “But it wasn’t until I had my first panic attack and sought the advice of a counselor that I was able to say what it was.”
Anne had a panic attack one day after a flight. She started the attack when the plane was airborne and went to a doctor as soon as it touched down. She thought she was having heart attack symptoms, but also felt she was a bit too young for such a thing to happen. She was diagnosed as having an anxiety attack and given anti-depressants along with Xanax. The Xanax made her groggy and she did not feel that she needed to follow up with this. Until the attack recurred. It was then that she sought treatment and was diagnosed with Social Anxiety.
Anne is typical of many people who are diagnosed with social anxiety in that she chose a profession where she would interact with people. Most people who suffer from this condition also work in professions where they frequently interact with the public. Anne began the medication and sought therapy with the counselor that enabled her to cope with her condition. She thinks that it resulted from her being picked on in school when she was very young.
“I was smaller than the other kids and they used to tease me about it,” she said. “Looking back on that, I often strove to over please people so that they would not ridicule me.”
If you have the symptoms of social anxiety, you can get treated and still maintain your profession. Most of the time, when you get to the root of the problem with therapy, you will start to feel better.